Every source cited in the Statement of Legal Basis, captured and fingerprinted, so that the Union's case can still be checked if a source changes or disappears.
126 sources captured
From 11 November 2026 at 09:16 UTC
How to check a capture
Download a published copy and compute its SHA-256 fingerprint, for example with sha256sum. It must match the fingerprint listed below.
Open the independent Internet Archive snapshot of the same address, taken by a third party.
Check the manifest, which lists every fingerprint. Its own SHA-256 is recorded in the Gazette:473f757b5457bc07a8ab78f5f75a3169cbd1be6bb4264fa43eee799cc41e4da6
Treaties, legislation, court records and UN, EU and W3C documents are published here in full. Pages owned by other publishers are protected by copyright, so the Union keeps those copies privately as evidence and publishes only their fingerprints and Internet Archive snapshots.
Sources
Treaties and UN records
Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States (1933)
Pacific Islands Forum, 2023 Declaration on the Continuity of Statehood and the Protection of Persons in the Face of Climate Change-Related Sea-Level Rise
Art. 6(4)-(5): servers, access points and domain names do not make a place of business; art. 10(3): the place of dispatch and receipt is deemed by rule; art. 12: contracts formed by automated systems are valid. Explanatory note paras. 115, 117 and 211-213: IP addresses, domain names and server locations have little, if any, conclusive value for determining physical location; only natural persons have a habitual residence; automated systems' messages originate from the person on whose behalf they operate.
Captured
12 November 2026 at 18:50 UTC, fetched from the publisher
Quoted text
“A location is not a place of business merely because”
“have little, if any, conclusive value for determining the physical location of the parties”
Official site, copyright Governorate of Vatican City State; kept privately. The Union keeps a private copy as evidence and publishes only its fingerprint.
Republic of Rose Island (Isola delle Rose), 1968–1969
A platform off Rimini declared independence on 1 May 1968, was occupied by Italian authorities 55 days later and demolished in February 1969: claims to territory invite conflict.
Captured
11 November 2026 at 17:03 UTC, fetched from the publisher
Reference for the Digital Companies Act 2026 (registration, names, registered office, striking off and restoration). Its s. 194 requires annual returns; the Union's Act deliberately does not.
Captured
11 November 2026 at 11:23 UTC, fetched from the publisher
Quoted text
“send to the Registrar a return in the prescribed form containing the prescribed information”
A recognised state writes into its constitution that it continues notwithstanding loss of its physical territory (passed 5 September 2023, in force 1 October 2023).
Captured
11 November 2026 at 16:59 UTC, fetched from the publisher
Quoted text
“shall remain in perpetuity in the future, notwithstanding the impacts of climate change or other causes resulting in loss to the physical territory of Tuvalu”
Art. 2(c): the technical means used to provide a service do not in themselves constitute an establishment; art. 3: an online service is governed by the law of the Member State where its provider is established.
Art. 3: parties may choose the law of their contract; art. 6: a consumer contract is governed by the law of the consumer's habitual residence where the professional pursues or directs its activities to that country, and a choice of law cannot deprive the consumer of its mandatory protection.
Introduction 0.14: many transactions occur without a physical location. Commentary 5.4: for proprietary issues, location-based connecting factors would be incoherent and futile because digital assets have no physical situs. Principle 5 and Commentary 5.7: the domestic law of a State specified in the asset or in its system applies, with the Principles if specified, and everyone dealing with the asset consents to it.
Captured
12 November 2026 at 19:17 UTC, fetched from the publisher
Quoted text
“many transactions occur without a physical location”
“digital assets are intangibles that have no physical situs”
UNIDROIT; third-party copyright, kept privately. The Union keeps a private copy as evidence and publishes only its fingerprint.
Law Commission of England and Wales, Digital assets and (electronic) trade documents in private international law, Consultation Paper No 273 (5 June 2025)
Paras. 2.46-2.49: every Bitcoin node holds a complete and equally authoritative copy of the ledger, and decentralised digital objects exist nowhere and everywhere at the same time. Para. 6.128 (provisional proposal): in such disputes courts would start from the premise that the law of no country, and of every country, would be appropriate, and weigh the terms of the protocol the participants interacted under.
An MGA licence costs €5,000 to apply and €25,000 a year, plus a compliance contribution on gaming revenue of at least €15,000 for Type 1 games from the second licence period, up to €375,000.
Captured
12 November 2026 at 21:24 UTC, fetched from the publisher
A new B2C gaming operator in Gibraltar pays £30,000 to apply and £50,000 a year below £20 million gross yield, plus duty of 0.15% of gross gaming profit above £100,000; a platform supplier £20,000 to apply and a gaming aggregator £85,000 a year.
Captured
12 November 2026 at 21:24 UTC, fetched from the publisher
An online gaming operator needs a Client Provider Authorization, which costs $35,000 to apply, including the first year, and $20,000 a year; the Commission decides the type and amount of security. (The Interactive Gaming Licence is for the hosting facility.)
Captured
12 November 2026 at 21:48 UTC, fetched from the publisher
Quoted text
“Thirty Five Thousand ($35,000.00)”
“for a Client Provider Authorization: Twenty Thousand ($20,000.00) Dollars”
A Cayman virtual asset service licence for a trading platform costs KYD 5,000 to apply and KYD 100,000 on grant, and from KYD 50,000 a year on renewal, rising with revenue.
Captured
12 November 2026 at 21:48 UTC, fetched from the publisher
A Malta Class 3 crypto-asset service provider pays €25,000 to apply and €50,000 a year, plus €2,000 per service and 0.05% of transaction volume, up to €250,000.
Captured
12 November 2026 at 21:35 UTC, fetched from the publisher
Nuptial agreements are not currently enforceable in England and Wales; the Commission recommended 'qualifying nuptial agreements' with procedural safeguards, which could not contract out of meeting financial needs; the Government's final response is awaited.
Captured
13 November 2026 at 09:13 UTC, fetched from the publisher
Quoted text
“Such agreements are not currently enforceable”
“certain procedural safeguards would have to be met”
Section 9: an agreement is unenforceable if consent was involuntary or the result of duress, without access to independent legal representation, without a plain-language notice of waiver of rights, or without adequate financial disclosure; a court may refuse an unconscionable term. Prefatory note: the Uniform Premarital Agreement Act of 1983 was adopted by 26 jurisdictions.
Captured
13 November 2026 at 09:13 UTC, fetched from the publisher
Quoted text
“consent to the agreement was involuntary or the result of duress”
“did not have access to independent legal representation”
Copyright National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws; kept privately. The Union keeps a private copy as evidence and publishes only its fingerprint.
California Family Code § 1615 (enforcement of premarital agreements)
A premarital agreement is not enforceable if not executed voluntarily or unconscionable without disclosure; voluntariness requires independent counsel or a written waiver, and at least seven calendar days between first presentation of the final agreement and signing.
Captured
13 November 2026 at 09:13 UTC, publisher blocks automated access; copied from the Internet Archive
§ 1612(c): a provision on spousal support, including a waiver, is not enforceable unless the party was represented by independent counsel when it was signed, or if it is unconscionable at the time of enforcement.
Captured
13 November 2026 at 09:13 UTC, rendered from the publisher in a browser
Quoted text
“was not represented by independent counsel at the time the agreement containing the provision was signed”
Under séparation de biens the spouses' estates remain separate and each keeps the administration and free disposal of their own property, while contributing to the costs of the marriage; a marriage contract must be signed before a notary.
Captured
13 November 2026 at 09:21 UTC, fetched from the publisher
Quoted text
“Vos patrimoines restent séparés”
“Vous devez signer votre contrat de mariage devant un notaire”
Arts. 22, 23 and 25: spouses may choose only the law of a State of habitual residence or nationality of either of them; a matrimonial property agreement must be in writing, dated and signed by both, and any additional formal requirements of the Member State of their habitual residence apply.
Captured
13 November 2026 at 09:21 UTC, rendered from the publisher in a browser
Quoted text
“provided that that law is one of the following”
“dated and signed by both spouses”
“additional formal requirements for matrimonial property agreements”
Arts. 231-10 and 232-1: separation of property is the default regime in Catalonia, each spouse owning, administering and freely disposing of all their property. Art. 231-20: agreements in anticipation of breakdown require a public deed, at least 30 days before the wedding, separate notarial advice, reciprocity and disclosure; art. 232-5 allows compensation for work in the home.
Captured
13 November 2026 at 09:21 UTC, fetched from the publisher
Quoted text
“el régimen económico es el de separación de bienes”
“cada cónyuge tiene la propiedad, el goce, la administración y la libre disposición de todos sus bienes”
“antes de los treinta días anteriores a la fecha de celebración del matrimonio”
English law accommodates marriages according to the usages of the Society of Friends (Quakers) and of the Jews, communities that solemnise marriage by their own usages.
Captured
13 November 2026 at 09:21 UTC, fetched from the publisher
Quoted text
“according to the usages of the Society of Friends”
Art. 2: for electronic services supplied by a supplier established in the EU to a consumer in the EU, the place of supply was where the supplier was established before 1 January 2015, and where the customer is established or resides from that date. Arts. 24b and 24f (inserted into Regulation 282/2011): the customer's location is presumed from evidence such as the SIM card's mobile country code, the IP address or any method of geolocation, the billing address and bank details.
Eight virtual-asset activity classes (advisory, broker-dealer, custody, exchange, lending and borrowing, management and investment, transfer and settlement, issuance): the model for Union Licence classes.
Captured
12 November 2026 at 07:51 UTC, fetched from the publisher
Holding oneself out as authorised under UK financial services law without being so is an offence: the reason the protection mark must never suggest authorisation by any state.
Captured
12 November 2026 at 08:27 UTC, fetched from the publisher
The policy is incorporated by contract into every registration agreement; holders must submit to a mandatory administrative proceeding, and registrars implement decisions unless a court action is started.
Captured
12 November 2026 at 18:51 UTC, fetched from the publisher
Quoted text
“is incorporated by reference into your Registration Agreement”
“required to submit to a mandatory administrative proceeding”
A B2C online gaming licence in Curaçao costs EUR 4,592 to apply and EUR 47,450 a year (a EUR 24,490 licence fee and a EUR 22,960 supervisory fee); a B2B licence EUR 24,490 a year.
Captured
12 November 2026 at 21:24 UTC, fetched from the publisher
A Seychelles VASP licence costs SCR 75,000 to apply and a SCR 75,000 annual base fee plus SCR 375,000 for an exchange; paid-up capital is set by the 2024 capital adequacy regulations.
Captured
12 November 2026 at 21:24 UTC, fetched from the publisher
South Dakota requires remote sellers to collect sales tax as if they had a physical presence in the State; the Court held the physical presence rule unsound and overruled Quill.
Captured
12 November 2026 at 18:50 UTC, fetched from the publisher
Quoted text
“as if the seller had a physical presence in the State”
“the physical presence rule of Quill is unsound and incorrect”
The operator of a sportsbook based in Antigua, which advertised in the United States and took bets by telephone and internet, argued that betting was legal in Antigua; the conviction was affirmed because betting was illegal in New York.
Captured
12 November 2026 at 19:17 UTC, fetched from the publisher
Quoted text
“betting is not only legal in Antigua”
“There can be no dispute that betting is illegal in New York”
Para. 75: a court should give effect to a nuptial agreement freely entered into by each party with a full appreciation of its implications, unless in the circumstances it would not be fair to hold them to it.
Captured
13 November 2026 at 09:13 UTC, fetched from the publisher
Quoted text
“freely entered into by each party with a full appreciation of its implications”
“it would not be fair to hold the parties to their agreement”
Freedom of marriage contracts is limited where a contract reflects one spouse's one-sided dominance based on unequal bargaining positions; the courts must then review and, if necessary, correct its content.
Captured
13 November 2026 at 09:21 UTC, fetched from the publisher
Quoted text
“einseitige Dominanz eines Ehepartners widerspiegelt”
“den Inhalt des Vertrages einer Kontrolle zu unterziehen”
New York's highest court enforced the secular terms of a Ketubah signed as part of a Jewish religious marriage ceremony, treating it like an antenuptial agreement to arbitrate before a religious tribunal.
Captured
13 November 2026 at 09:21 UTC, rendered from the publisher in a browser
Quoted text
“Ketubah, which was entered into as part of the religious marriage ceremony”
“enforcement of the secular terms of such an agreement”
An Islamic marriage ceremony (Nikah) not complying with the formalities of English law was a 'non-qualifying ceremony': it created no marriage, even a void one, under English law.
Captured
13 November 2026 at 09:21 UTC, fetched from the publisher
Quoted text
“It was an Islamic marriage ceremony, a Nikah”
“there can be ceremonies which do not create a marriage, even a void marriage”
The court approved a consent order giving effect to a family arbitral award under the IFLA Scheme, conducted under the Arbitration Act 1996; absent very compelling countervailing factors, such an award should be determinative.
Captured
13 November 2026 at 09:21 UTC, fetched from the publisher
Quoted text
“IFLA arbitrations are conducted in accordance with the Arbitration Act 1996”
“the arbitral award should be determinative of the order the court makes”
Court judgment, Open Justice Licence (The National Archives).
Captures are made with scripts/archive-sources.mts. They record what each source said at the time of capture; the Statement of Legal Basis explains how each one is used.
